Assessment of planning problems within the Network Expansion Problem, concerning multi-objective , multi-preference neotiations, both on the US and the EU side:

"To assess whether European and American measures are an effective answer to anticommons, let us identify the four reasons that make them so troublesome:
1) complementarity: if the consent of all regulators is needed, coordination costs increase;
2) sequentiality: when the decisions of regulators are not simultaneous, there is the danger that preferences of first-movers and late-movers are not aligned, so again coordination costs may increase;
3) fragmentation: the higher the number of regulators (or levels of decision-making) involved, the higher the probability of disagreements;
4) bargaining: agreements among regulators will be more difficult when they display heterogeneous preferences or pursue different missions. Equally relevant is the availability of an authority of last resort."